Gynaecological problems:

PCOD (polycystic ovarian disease ) Patient has irregular periods, heavy periods, excess hair, acne, difficulty in conceiving, infertility, patches of thick darker velvety skin. These patients may not be ovulating regularly and may require ovulation induction. It is most common endocrine disorder. The primary characteristics of this syndrome include anovulation, insulin resistance hyperandrogenism and neuroendocrine disruption. It is seen in about 20% of cases, about 70% are undiagnosed.  Risk factors that contribute to the development of PCOS include obesity, genetics, neuroendocrine system, sedentary lifestyle and diet.

Endometriosis: It is a gynaecological disease in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It can delay natural conception and cause severe pain in the pelvis. It is usually a disease of reproductive age. These patients should not delay in conceiving and plan pregnancy early. It is seen in 10-20% world while.

Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) is infection of upper reproductive tract like uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Pain in your lower abdomen for short term or long lasting.

• Fever
• An unusual discharge with a bad odour from your vagina
• Pain and/or bleeding during sex
• Bleeding between periods
• If left untreated, it can lead to tubal blockage due to scarring, formation of blockage, ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic long-term pain.

Ovarian cysts

There are various ovarian cysts such as simple functional ovarian cysts, dermoid cysts and endometriomas (also called chocolate cysts). Follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts usually disappear in next cycle. Treatment plan will be individualised as per each case. Management can be conservative or surgical.

Chronic pelvic pain

Chronic pelvic pain can be chronic, persistent, disabling pain within the pelvis in women. Chronic pelvic pain may be associated with comorbidities such as irritable bowel syndrome, major depressive disorder, or pelvic inflammatory syndrome. This may require evaluation and further management accordingly.

Contraceptives

Contraceptives are the name given to medicines and other devices that are used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. There are many different types. Some are reversible, while others are permanent. Some types can help to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.